Two line graphs show projections of light-duty vehicle stock from 2010 to 2040. The left graph displays total stock reaching around 330 million, with a steady increase in zero-emissions vehicles and transitional ZEVs, and other light-duty vehicles. The right graph breaks down the stock into alternative categories, including hydrogen fuel cells, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, 40-mile range, 10-mile range, electric vehicles with 200-mile range, and 100-mile range, showing rapid growth in these categories by 2040.

Deriving transportational carbon emission reduction strategy efficiency with an empirical model.