Review of Major Credit Card Monopolies in Small Business Markets
This blog explores the pros, cons, and overall effects of the monopoly-like influence credit card firms have on small business, while considering both the positive and negative aspects of this relationship.
Small businesses are the backbone of many economies, contributing innovation, jobs, and local growth. However, when it comes to navigating financial transactions, particularly with credit cards, small businesses often find themselves at the mercy of larger financial institutions. Credit card card companies, with their oligopolistic and vast reach, hold significant power in shaping the way small businesses operate. This blog explores the pros, cons, and overall effects of the monopoly-like influence credit card firms have on small business, while considering both the positive and negative aspects of this relationship.
In the world of transactions, credit card firms have pivotal firms. When a consumer swipes their card, the transaction doesn't just involve the buyer and the seller. Instead, it triggers a complex chain of interactions, intermediaries such as the Issuing Bank (the bank of the cardholder) and the Acquiring Bank (the bank of the merchant) are involved. This process is governed by Interchange fees–charges levied by the cardholder’s bank on the merchant’s bank whenever a credit or debit card transaction is made. These fees, which can be bilateral (BIFs) or multilateral (MIFs), are not always transparent, and in many cases, the businesses paying them have little say in the matter.
The influence of credit card companies extends beyond just fees. Larger firms have stricter security standards, like the PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard), which ensures the data from cardholders is kept safe. While this is a benefit for customers and businesses alike, it also means that small businesses must adhere to higher standards, often at a significant cost.
Despite the challenges, small businesses stand to gain several advantages by engaging with large credit card companies. One of the main benefits is brand recognition. Partnering with a reputable cardholder brand, like MasterCard or Visa, can build trust with customers, ensuring that their transactions are secure and that the business follows industry standards. In many cases, credit card firms have more robust security measures in place to protect cardholder data, offering small business peace of mind that they are complying with PCI-DSS standards. Moreover, credit card companies often offer tools and programs to help small businesses grow. These include things like credit offers targeted at small business owners, which could help with financial planning, marketing strategies, or operational improvements. Additionally, cardholders with higher credit card limits are likely to spend more, meaning that small businesses can benefit from increased consumer spending when they accept credit card payments.
However, small businesses must weigh these benefits against the downsides. Credit card swiping fees represent one of the most significant burdens. Small businesses often have to pay a percentage of the transaction amount for every credit card payment they receive. These fees can eat into profit margins, especially for small scale operations that rely heavily on card transactions. In fact, businesses that depend on credit card payments may see lower revenues than those who accept cash or other non-card methods that do not involve third parties. These swiping fees are sometimes hidden, leaving small business owners to discover the costs only after processing transactions. The oligopolistic nature of the credit card industry also limits competition. With only a few major players dominating the market, small businesses have limited options for negotiating fees or finding better alternatives. This results in fewer choices for merchants and less room for maneuvering in terms of payment solutions. Additionally, credit card offers from large firms are often targeted towards a specific consumer group, meaning that those who don't have access to a credit card, or have low credit, might be excluded from the search criteria for targeted offers. This can alienate potential customers who are left with payment options, reducing their purchasing power at small businesses.
The relationship between small businesses and credit card companies is a balancing act. On one hand, credit card firms provide essential services that help small businesses operate efficiently and grow their customer base. On the other hand, the swiping fees, interchange fees, and the limited competition in the market present ongoing challenges. Small businesses have to manage their financial transactions carefully, understanding that accepting credit card payments comes with costs that can impact profitability. Moreover, the monopoly-like control of credit card firms means that businesses have little power to influence the fees that they are charged, and in many cases, they are required to adhere to security standards that could be financially burdensome. In the end, small businesses must weigh the trade-offs between convenience, security, and cost when deciding how to handle credit card transactions. The increasing monopoly interest of large cardholder companies continues to shape the landscape for small businesses, requiring them to adapt constantly to remain competitive and profitable in an evolving market.
http://saucis.sakarya.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/1634403
ttps://ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ILSR-Factsheet-Credit-Card-Swipe-Fees-2023.pdf
https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022 context=olr
https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26604/w26604.pdf
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